one of、some.other/others/the other/the others.、some of、

都给你举个例子好了：
one of:Please look over there,one of the people over there is my friend.表示其中之一
some :I have some apples.表示有些
other/others :some people believe it's significant to have breakfast and other people/others hold the view that it is not necessary to have.
the other/the others :Look!There are some oranges on the table.some of them are yours and the other oranges/the others are mine.
other/others和the other/the others的区别就在于前者不必规定范围,而后者必须规定范围.就像上面的例子,要用后者时候 我要规定有多少东西,而不是范范的范围

你想问什么啊？

one是指非特指，比如I want a cup of coffee,would you llike one? 而the other/others是代表特指的，指代的是群体或个体的剩余部分。但是others代表复数，只有在复数的时候才能用。比如：Bob was absent from school,the others came to the school。