英语翻译Mechanics of Materials deals with（研究）the response of var

英语翻译
Mechanics of Materials deals with（研究）the response of various bodies,usually called members（构件）,to applied forces（施加力）.In Mechanics of Engineering Materials the members have shapes that either exist in actual structures or are being considered for their suitability（根据其需要）as parts of proposed（拟建的）engineering structures.The materials in the members have properties that are characteristic of commonly used（常用的）engineering materials such as steel,aluminum,concrete,and wood.
As you can see already from the variety of materials,forces,and shapes mentioned,Mechanics of Engineering Materials is of interest to（对..有价值）all fields of engineering.The engineer uses the principles of Mechanics of Materials to determine if the material properties and the dimensions of a member are adequate to（足以）ensure that it can carry its loads safely and without excessive distortion.In general（通常）,then,we are interested in both the safe load that a member can carry and the associated（相关的）deformation.Engineering design would be a simple process if the designer could take into consideration（考虑）the loads and the mechanical properties of the materials,manipulate（利用）an equation,and arrive at（得到）suitable dimensions.
Design is seldom that simple.Usually（通常）,on the basis of（根据）experience,the designer selects a trial（试算） member and then does an analysis to see if that member meets the specified requirements.Frequently（常常）,it does not and then a new trial member is selected and the analysis repeated.This design cycle（设计周期） continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained.The number of cycles（循环次数） required to find an acceptable design diminishes as the designer gains experience.
Design of Axially Loaded Members 轴向力构件的设计
To give you some insight into （使..有一些了解）the design cycle,an extremely simple member will be dealt with first.That member is a prismatic bar with a force,P,acting along its longitudinal axis in the direction（纵轴向）such that it tends to elongate the bar.Such a force is referred to as（称为）an axial tensile load（轴向拉力）,and we can readily imagine it trying to（努力..）pull the fibers apart and to cause failure on a transverse plane（横向平面）.It is safe to assume that all fibers of the bar,in regions remote from（远离）the point of application of the load,are being pulled apart with the same load intensity（荷载强度）.With this assumption,the load intensity or stress is uniform on a transverse plane and is given by .