英语里什么是宾格,且在英语里的用法

.人称代词的主格作主语,宾格作动词的宾语和介词的宾语.例:They have English lessons on Saturday.他们星期六上英语课.The teacher asked them to stay in the classroom.老师叫他们呆在教室里.We are listening to them.我们在听他们说话.2.人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中.例:“Who is knocking at the door?”“It's me.”/ "It's him"/ "it's her" “谁在敲门?”“是我.” 在很正式的英语中也用主格,可以说:It is I.只有一个词的句子用宾格:“Who wants to try?”“ Me.” “谁想试一试?”“我.” 在“it + be + 代词 + 定语从句”结构中,用宾格是随便的说法,用主格是非常正式的说法.例:It was me/ I who broke the window.是我打破了玻璃窗.为了避免太正式或太随便,我们可以用别的句式来表达.例:I was the one / person who broke the window.3.人称代词处在动词之前,会影响选用主格还是用宾格.例如 but和except 既可作介词也可作连词,因此在but或except之后,用主格还是用宾格就要慎重.例:No one but / except I read the book.No one read the book but / except me / I.(me 比I 更常见)只有我读过这本书.代词宾格的习惯用法——一道高考题的启示 （1）—Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard． —Why ____ John is sitting there doing nothing． A．him B．he C．I D．me 所给答案为D.在这儿用的是代词宾格,那么什么情况下使用代词宾格呢?众所周知,主格通常作主语,宾格通常作宾格.然而在有些情况下按照规则该用主格的地方却习惯上使用宾格.一、在日常会话中,当人称代词作表语时,习惯用代词宾格.例如：（2）—Who is there?—It's me． （3）—Who is it?—It's me ／him ／her ／us ／them． 二、在日常口语中,当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句中作主语时,习惯用代词宾格.例如：（4）—Who sent this letter?—Me． （5）—Who can drive a car?—Me． （6）—I'm in love． —Me too． （7）—Who wantsaride on my bike?—Me!／Notme!（8）—I'm glad it's Friday． —Me too!／Us too!（9）—Idon'twantto go to apolitical meeting． —Nor me!／Me neither!三、在日常口语中,当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句中作主语,其后不带谓语,习惯用代词宾格.（10）—You ought to do it． —What?me!（11）—You can tell him． —Me tellhim?Not likely!（12）Me married?I don'tthink． 四、在比较随便的谈话中,人称代词作为一个并列成份作主语时,习惯用代词宾格.例如：（13）Someone will have to answer forit．Notyou or me． （14）You and me mustgetto- gether． （15）Lily and me have made up our minds． 五、在表示补充说明或意义转折的句子中,主语用代词宾格.例如：（16）I was hungry and tired and me withoutacenttomy name． （17）We had to wade across the street—and me in my bestsuit． 六、人称代词前有形容词修饰时,习惯用代词宾语.例如：（18）Poor little me always gets the blame． （19）Tall and strong him broke the record for high-jump． （20）—He's gotto repay the money． —Poor him!七、在日常谈话时,Itbe．．．that强调的主语若是人称代词,习惯用代词宾格.例如：（21）Itwasme that did it． （22）It'shim thatis agenius． （23）It was them who saved the drown- ing girl． 八、在带as和 than的比较级后面,下述三种情况下,习惯用代词宾格.1 当句中的动词是不能要求以人作宾语的及物动词时.例如：（24）She speaks English as wellas me． 2．当句中的动词为不及物动词或系动词时.例如：（25）He is older than me． （26）She runs as fastas me． 3．当句中动词为及物动词,than或as后的人称代词用宾格.例如：（27）Mary likes him better than me．玛丽更喜欢的是他而不是我.（28）She knows me as wellas him．她既了解他,也了解我.九、but或except后面的人称代词作动词的宾语时,习惯用代词宾格.（29）Iwantnobody buthim．