高中英语语法：省略与倒装详解.（不要习题）

倒装句
1.全部倒装
全部倒装是指整个谓语放到主语的前面,即谓语在前,主语
在后.有下列几种：
(1)there be (lie, stand, live...)句型.there be是谓语,其后的名词
是主语.
There are different forms of energy.
On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple.
Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman.
(2)在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away,now,then等开头的
句子中.
There goes the bell.
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boy.
Away went the children.
The door opened and there entered a middle-aged man.
【注意】主语是人称代词时不倒装.例如：
Here it is.给你.
Away he went.他走了.
(3)直接引语在句首.
“What does it mean?” asked the boy.
(4)为了使句子保持平衡,有时需要倒装.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
On the winding path were to be found footprints of some
strange animals.
2.部分倒装
即将谓语的一部分提到主语之前.相当于变为一般疑问句中的
谓语.是倒装句的重点,也是高考考查的热点之一.
部分倒装主要有以下几种情况：
(1)Only +状语在句首：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily
back to work.
【注意】如果only后没有状语,即使在句首也不倒装.例如：
Only a doctor can do it.
(2)否定副词在句首.这类副词主要有：hardly, seldom, little, not,
nor, neither, not only...but also, no sooner...than,
hardly...when,in no time等.
Little does he care about what others think.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
Not until he came back did I leave.
At no time should you leave your post.
(3)由so引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东西)或由
neither/nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或东
西)的句型：
She is a teacher. So is her brother.
You can drive. So can I.
She can’t do the work. Neither/Nor can I.
注意：如果是重复相同的意思,不倒装.例如：
—It was cold yesterday.
—So it was.
(4)so...that 句型,如果so在句首.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could
hear him.
So shallow was the water that there were no fish in the lake.
(5)省略了if的虚拟条件句.
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.
Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing
to do what you ask me to.
3.只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首.这类倒装既不是全部倒装,
又不同于部分倒装,只把表语、宾语、状语提到句首,谓语动、
词并不倒装.
(1)as引导让步状语从句：
Young as he is, he is very brave.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(2)however与no matter how引导的让步状语从句：
However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart.
(3)感叹句：
What a warm welcome they received!
How fast he ran!
(4)the more...the more句型：
The farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.
省略句
1.省略主语：
(I) Haven’t seen you for ages.
(It) Doesn’t matter.
(It) Looks like rain.
2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分：
(Is there) Anything you want?
(Is) Anything the matter?
(Does) Anybody need help?
(Are) You hungry?
3.省略宾语：
—Which of them is the better choice?
—Well, it’s hard to tell (it).
—Where is George?
—I don’t know (where he is).
4.省略主语和谓语：
What a pity (it is) you can’t go to the lecture.
(I’m) Sorry!
(I’m) Afraid I can’t come.
—Did you like the film?
—Oh, very much.
5.省略不定式：
He didn’t come, though we had invited him to (come).
6.简单句中的省略,对话中最普遍.
—Will you join us?
—I should love to.
—Are you tired?
—Not very.
—What made Tom unhappy?
—Losing the match.
—I went to an exhibition this morning.
—With whom?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Anybody against it?
7.复合句中的省略：
—Did you know anything about it?
—Not until you told me.
—Shall I make a copy of it?
—Yes, if time permits.
—Is he coming back tonight?
—I guess so.
—She may not be free today.
—If so, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
8.在状语从句中也有省略现象：
When (it is) completed, the power station will supply enough
electricity.
If (it is) necessary, I’ll go there myself.
She told the children not to talk while (they were) eating.
Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
9.并列句中的省略：后面分句与前句相同的部分,可省略.
I work in a factory and my brother (works) on a farm.
My room is on the second floor and his, on the third.
He majors in English and I in French.