in在中学的基本用法

2常见比较级/最高级句型：He runs faster than me. (有than)
　　He did better than any other student in the school. (参照48)
　　Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某个范围内)
　　He is the taller of the two (boys). (两者,此句型中加the)
　　He is the tallest of the three (boys). (三者)
　　Which is better, tea or milk? (两者选择)
　　Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者选择)
　　It’s the second longest river in China. （序数词后用最高级.）
　　3“越来越…”比较级+and +比较级
　　He cried harder and harder. She is getting taller and taller.
　　类似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter　另一种情况：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /…
　　4“越…, 越…”“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头,倒装.
　　The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.
　　The younger we are, the more energy we have.
　　The more you eat, the fatter you will get.
　　5“越来越多的…”more and more +名词
　　More and more people are getting richer and richer.
　　We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water ….
　　6“…得多”much + 形容词/副词比较级
　　This room is much bigger than that one.
　　类似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better…
　　以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious…
　　7“另外的…(个) …”结构：数量+ more + 名词
　　one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles,
　　much more truth, some more meat, a lot more wood,
　　a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.
　　这种结构有时也可用another + 数字 + 名词替代：
　　five more trees = another five trees (记住词的位置) 4楼
60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物动词.
　　Don’t talk in class. Shall we talk about our English study?
　　He is talking with his teacher. May I talk to you?
　　(talk with/to sb talk about sth)
　　2tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”.常接双宾结构.
　　Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Who told you the news?
　　3say必须接有内容.Please say it in English. He said nothing.
　　“I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say?
　　say 若接sb, 则需先加to: I must say sorry to you.
　　“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.
　　4speak“说话”不及物动词.He spoke too fast for me to follow.
　　接人时先加介词to. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
　　可表说话的能力.The baby can speak now.
　　There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak.
　　“演讲,发言”Who will speak in the meeting?
　　“说”可作及物 动词.5楼
61.sometimes/some times/sometime/some time:
　　sometimes: “有时”=at times. He is imes late for school.
　　some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing some times.
　　sometime: “某一时刻”I bought it sometime last spring.
　　We’ll meet again sometime next week.
　　some 6楼
62.need 的用法：1need可当情态动词（和can等用法类似,但need只用于疑问句或否定句中）：Need I go now? (need 在一般疑问句的开头) I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not) 【当情态动词时,need无时态变化.】
　　2need 可当行为动词（和want 等用法类似）：
　　He needs a bike. (后可直接加名词)
　　I need to go over my lessons. (后接带to不定式)
　　Do you need to have a rest? （一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首）
　　We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do,does,did提前)
　　【注：need 后接表被动的内容时,可表达为：
　　The TV needs to be repaired. = The TV needs repairing.】time: “一段时间”We have to stay here for some time. 7楼
63.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理,对付,安排,应付”
　　What have you done with the
milk? 用what提问.
　　How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提问.
　　下面两句由此而来：Could you tell me what to do with the milk?
　　Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? 8楼
64.就近原则：常见的有：Either you or Lucyis wrong.
　　There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型)
　　Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work.
　　Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before. 9楼
65.主谓一致：One/Neither of you is right. （单数谓语）
　　Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主语是Tom, 单数谓语)
　　This pair of shoes looks beautiful. （主语是pair, 单数谓语）
　　The shoes look beautiful. （主语无pair, 复数谓语）
　　Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. （单数谓语）
　　The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic.
　　(the 加形容词表一类人,谓语用复数)
　　Mr. and Mrs Green are from America. 指格林夫妇 (复数谓语)
　　The teacher and writer is an able man.指教师兼作家, 一个人,单数谓语.
　　Both you and I are excited about the news. （复数谓语）
　　the number of与a number of参见39. （分数表达见50）10楼
66.quite/such/really用法之一：如果出现不定冠词时,常放在后面.
　　It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy.
　　It’s such an important lesson.(另见33) Lily is really a lazy girl. 11楼
67.部分用what 提问的句型：
　　What size do you want? What will you do with the problem?
　　What’s the population of China? What day is it today?
　　What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 12楼
68.there be部分用法：1There is only a student taking notes now.
　　There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted.
　　2常有以下结构: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/…be. …
13楼
69.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等.
　　有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定,如without, too…to…
　　without anything, too tired to go any further
　　但前缀如dis--, un--, in--或后缀如--less,并不表否定.
　　3there be中不可再出现have/has/had(有)的词.另一用法见45.14楼
70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词,等等.
　　【注意否定形式：had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 动原；而please加don’t+动原】15楼
71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish /enjoy /practice /give up /
　　end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer…to…/can’t help /
　　be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(错过) /spend /have fun /介词等.17楼16楼
72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语：want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (为了) /疑问词,等等. 另外,it作形式主语,后也常有带to不定式. 【否定：以上大多词 + not + to do sth】
73.被动语态(be +v.过去分词)用法：I did it. →It was done.
　　双宾:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me. 情态动词:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made.
　　进行时态:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom.
　　完成时态：I have finished the work. →The work has been finished. 18楼
74.名词或所属格作定语：1强调性别时a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修饰词是单数时,性别也用单数；被修饰词是复数时,性别也用复数.
　　2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players
　　a bus station / some bus stations 复数只变被修饰的词.
　　3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day /
　　the Children’s Day “复数 + ’s ”作定语,译为“…的…”
　　4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语.
　　（附：and连接的名词所属格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分别是两个人的爸爸,所以应分别加“’s”
　　Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 两个人共有的爸爸,所以在两人后只加一个“’s”.） 19楼
75.win与beat区别：win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting.
　　而beat后加的是人：I’m afraid they will beat us.
　　I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子队,相当于人.) 21楼
76.it/that/one的部分用法：1it 指上文的某个事物,和上文是同一个.This book is very useful. I will take good care of it.
　　it也可指上文所说的事：My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it. 2that与上文所说是同一类,但不是同一个,常指不可数名词.
The food in China is quite different from that in America. The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu. that也可指上文所说的事：A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 3one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数,但不是同一个物.This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣,但不是上文那个) 22楼
77.at/by the end of, in the end 的区别：
　　1at the end of +时间点或地点,“在…的尽头,在…的末尾”
　　They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加时间)
　　He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地点)
　　2by the end of +时间点,“截止到…末”
　　若接过去的时间点,常用过去完成时：They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接将来的时间,常用一般将来时：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.
　　3in the end “最后”,后不加of 短语：They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village. 23楼
78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了…（还未回来）”-I can’t find those children, where are they?
　　-They have gone to the farm. (去了农场,不在这儿)
　　2have been to+地点“去过…（原来去过,现在已回）”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有ever, never等.
　　She has been to Qingdao three times. I have been to two big cities.
　　Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian.
　　I have never been there before. (此短语省略了to)
　　3have been in+地点,“已在…（多久了）”句尾常接for+时间段,或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子.
　　Peter has been in China for a long time.
　　I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 224楼
79.all/whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠词the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area…【whole 在定冠词the 后】 hours ago. (此短语省略了in) 25楼
80.a bit / a little区别：都可作副词,后直接加形容词和副词.
　　I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired.
　　也可作代词或形容词,后接名词时有所不同：
　　I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out.
　　(a little 直接加名词) 而下文：I have only a bit of drink.
　　She ate a bit of bread and went out. (a bit 先加of再加名词) 26楼
81.“擅长”与“不擅长”;

对…有利”与“对…有害”：
　　“擅长”：be good at / do well in
　　“不擅长”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in
　　“对…有利”：be good for “对…有害”：be bad for27楼
82. 表数量的词和短语的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) 后既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词.2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可数名词复数.3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可数名词.28楼
83.易用错的副词：1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词,常在它们前面.I really love reading. I really miss you. (修饰动词)
　　Tom speaks really quickly. 汤姆说得非常快.（修饰副词）
　　It’s really kind of you. 你真好. (修饰形容词)
　　2very much常修饰动词want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(长得像…), move(使…感动), excite(使…激动)等等.常在句尾.Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那儿.
　　I hate reciting the words very much. 我很讨厌背单词.
　　He enjoyed the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影.
　　He takes after his mother very much. 他长得很像他妈妈.
　　(very much 不可修饰形容词和副词：I’m happy very much. He is lucky very much.都是错误的.)
　　3very修饰形容词和副词,放在它们前面：
　　She is very kind. I am very happy. Peter speaks very slowly.
　　(very不可修饰动词：I very like English. He very misses you.等类29楼
84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语：for（后加时间段,句中谓语用延续性动词）；since（后加时间点或一般过去时的句子,主句谓语用延续性动词）；How long（对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问,句中谓语也用延续性动词）in/all one’s life（在某人一生）；in/during the past/last+时间段 (在最近的…时间内) ；so far（到目前为止）；yet（用于句尾,用在疑问句或否定句中）；already (用于句中或句尾,用在肯定的陈述句中) ；ever；never；just；before(单独用在句子末尾,常用此时态.但若时间段加before, 常用过去完成时) 以及recently等.似结构都是错误的.) 30楼
85.形容词与副词区别：1形容词修饰名词,作定语（划线部分）：
　　She is a kind girl. What bad weather! I bought a new bike.
　　形容词可在系动词后,作表语(划线部分)：
　　The girl is kind. His face turned red. It tastes sweet.
　　2副词(划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词,也可修饰整个句子.
　　He ran quickly. Please speak loudly. Tim lives alone. 修饰动词
　　She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修饰形容词
　　He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修饰副词
　　Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修饰整个句子31楼
86.everyday与every day:
everyday是形容词,后接名词,“日常的”.He is practicing everyday English. every day是副词,作时间状语,“每天”.We speak English every day. 32楼
87.everyone与every one: 1everyone“每个人；大家；所有人”,只指人.后不接of短语.Everyone is here except Tom.
　　2every one“每一个”既可指人,也可指物.后要接of短语.Every one of us has a dictionary. Every one of the trees is tall. 33楼
88.none与no one: 1no one“没有一人”只指人,后不接of短语.
　　No one has been to Beihai Park. No one told us about it.
　　(以上因后面无of短语,故不用none)
　　2none“没有人；没有任何东西”既可指人,也可指物；既可指可数名词,也可指不可数名词.后常接of短语.
　　None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.
　　（此处指人.因后有of短语,故不用no one）
　　A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.
　　（对话中none单独用,指物,不用no one.）34楼
89.乘交通工具之表达:1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane) (无冠词)
　　2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship (有冠词或限定词)
　　3in his/a car (car前用in) 4on foot 5动词短语: ride a bike /a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane/ taxi/ bus; fly35楼
90.kind of 与kinds of:
　　1kind of 单独用,表示“有点”,后接形容词或副词：
　　He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”
　　Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快.
　　2若kind of前有a, this, that等,译为“一种,这种,那种” 后加名词.
　　That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答.
　　3熟记一些短语：all kinds of...“各种各样的...”many kinds of“很多种类的”different kinds of“不同种类的” 后加名词. 动词,后接语言.Do you speak English? 36楼
91.rain / snow / wind的常见修饰词：a strong wind“一阵强风”
　　a heavy rain“一场大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名词短语）
　　blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain 37楼
92.day的部分用法：1on Teachers’ Day表节日或周几前用“on”.
　　2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”. 3in eight days“八天后”用“in”. 4(in) those / these days“在过去 / 现在”
　　5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介词.
　　同样,on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介词用的是on（有时可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/every等时不再加onhard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是动词短语）