where have you been的答句用现在完成时还是过去式?【急,

where have you been的答句用现在完成时还是过去式?【急,
我的理解是：
where have you been 强调状态和结果
where did you go 强调过程和动作
where were you 强调地点、时间
那么在考试中应该如何分辨,什么时候用哪一个呢?
我以前觉得是看答句来判断问句的
但昨天做到一题
I called you just now,______?
I was at school.
我觉得应该填where were you,但老师说是where have you been
是不是where have you been 的答句也可以是一般过去时?
那又该怎么分辨?
觉得好混乱
【明天要考试.