英语翻译To study the emission characteristics of the OLED shown

排放特性的研究的有机发光二极管显示如图,采用时域有限差分方法（法）.有机发光显示器件中的电子传输层（上海）只有几十纳米远从一个金属反射镜,并在该层结构复杂,时域有限差分方法已被证明是非常effective8,9.The radiation profiles of both the horizontal dipole source (dx,y) and the vertical dipole source (dz) were investigated by varying the distance Da between the active layer and the metallic cathode.Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show the radiation profiles of the dx and dz dipoles in the y – z plane for several values of the ETL layer thickness (60,80,and 100 nm).It was found that most of the radiation from the dz dipoles is emitted below the critical angle and thus cannot escape from the glass into the air.Therefore,we concentrate on the in-plane dipoles dx and dy.Note that since the image dipole of dx,y induced by the metallic cathode is out of phase with the original dx,y,constructive interference is expected when the ETL thickness Da is λ/ (4nETL).Clear enhancement of the vertical radiation is seen in Fig.2(a),when the value of Da (≈80 nm) satisfies the condition for constructive interference.We then spatially integrated the outcoupled radiation power over several values of the viewing angle 90°±40°,and confirmed that the optimized ETL layer thickness is about 80 nm.The thickness of the ETL layer and the position of the active layer are critical to the design of the OLED structure.辐射谱的水平偶极源（车,年）和垂直偶极子源（卵）进行了不同的距离达之间的活跃层和金属阴极.图2（一）和2（乙）表明辐射谱的车和卵偶极子的–与平面为几个值的控制层厚度（60,80,和100纳米）.结果发现,大多数辐射从卵偶极子排放低于临界角,因此无法逃脱从玻璃到空气.因此,我们专注于平面偶极子型和点注意,因为图像偶极子的车,是诱导金属阴极的相位与原始霉素,是建设性干涉,预计在中厚达~λ/（4netl）.明显的增强的垂直辐射是在图2（一）,当价值达（≈80纳米）满足条件的建设性干涉.然后我们空间综合的输送辐射功率数价值观的视角90个°±40°,并证实该优化控制层的厚度约为80纳米.厚度的一层和有源层的位置是关键的设计结构的有机发光二极管.The extraction efficiency enhancement produced by the photonic crystal pattern is related to three factors:the lattice constant（Λ）,the depth of the pattern(d),and the size of the rod.In this study,a 2-D square lattice pattern was used because this pattern is easily fabricated by two-beam holographic lithography.Figure 3 shows the relative extraction efficiency as a function of the lattice constant for several pattern depths.Here,the SiNx layer thickness is 600 nm and the radius of the rod is 0.3Λ.In the calculation of the relative extraction efficiency,the finite size of the pixels (200×50μm2) of the real OLED display must be considered.However,this size is too large for direct FDTD calculation.Instead,we placed four perfect reflectors at the domain boundaries of the computation and temporally integrated the energy extracted into the air up to the average time needed for photons to reach the boundary of the pixel.To make the light emission isotropic,we distributed the dx,y,z dipoles evenly in the active layer.提取效率提高所产生的光子晶体的模式有关的三个因素：晶格常数（Λ）,深度模式（四）,和大小的棒.在这项研究中,二维方形格子图案是因为使用这种模式是很容易制造的双光束全息光刻.图3显示了相对提取效率作为一个功能的晶格常数的几种模式深度.在这里,该氮化硅层厚度为600纳米和半径杆0.3Λ.在计算相对提取效率,有限大小的像素（200×50μ平方米）的有机发光二极管显示器必须考虑.然而,这个尺寸太大的直接时域有限差分计算.相反,我们把四个完美的反射在域边界的计算和时间的综合能源提取到的空气达到所需的平均时间为光子到达边
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