英语翻译First attempts to calculate residual stresses of spot we

英语翻译
First attempts to calculate residual stresses of spot weld may be attributed to Schroeder and Anastassiou.Schroeder and Macherauch (Ref 5) calculated residual stresses of a spot weld for only one welding condition by computation temperature distributions during the welding process.Anastassiou et al.(Ref 6) studied residual stress distributions in a steel sheet as well as the relationship between welding conditions and fatigue behavior.Li et al.(Ref 7) introduced a coupled finite element (FE) model to study nugget size and residual stresses in RSW process.Khanna and coworkers (Ref 8,9) developed an incremental thermo-electro-mechanical FE model to simulate residual stresses in RSW of steel sheet,and they used Moire Interferometry method to measure residual stresses and for validation of their results.Nodeh et al.(Ref 4) utilized a FE model to predict distribution of residual stresses in RSW of mild steel and compared their results with experimental data obtained from x-ray diffraction methods.