求希腊神话 Greek Myths

1 The Olympin Gods

Between Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain．Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens．On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness． At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men． Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards．All the gods listened to his final words,it was true．But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of twelve members,including six gods and six goddesses． The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself． He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt ．Next to him was Hera,his proud and greeneyed queen．Poseidon was ruler of the sea,And Hades,king of the lower world,had no seat in the committee．Apollo was the god of the sun,music and poetry,while his twinsister Artemis was the goddess of the moon and the chase． Athena was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of house holdarts．Hestin,the goddess of the family,represented home life and family happiness．The frightening Ares was the god of war,and the charming Aphrodite the goddess of love and beauty．The god of fire,Hephaestus,was the forger of the thunderbolts of Zeus．The wing footed messenger Hermes was the god of invention and commerce；and the goddess of grains and harvests,Demeter,looked after agriculture and stood for mother ofcivilization．
All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace． Often moved by human feelings and desires,they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy．They became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man． Among themselves at Olympus they plotted and struggled for power．In the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties．They enjoyed earthly friendships and loves．Acrowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at Olympus actually were．
2 Pandora

After the stealing of fire,Zeus became increasingly unkind to men．One day he ordered his son Hephaestus tobuild an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay．He then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts．Among others,Athena clothed her in an attractive coat and Hermes gave her the power of telling lies．A charming young lady,she was the first woman that ever lived．Zeus called her Pandora．Because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift．The gift was harmful to men．
Zeus decided to send her down to men as a present．So Hermes them essenger brought her to Epimetheus,brother of Prometheus．The greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her,and Epimetheus happily received her into his house．He had quite forgotten Pometheus' warning：never to accept anything from Zeus．The couple lived a happy life for some time．Then trouble came on to the human world．
When he was busy with teaching men the art of living,Prometheus had left a bigcask in the care of Epimetheus．He had warned his brother not to open the lid．Pandora was a curious woman．She had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask．One day,when Epimetheus was out,she lifted the lid and out itcame unrest and war,Plague and sickness,theft and violence, grief sorrow,and all the other evils．The human world was hence to experience these evils．Only hope stayed within the mouth of the jar and never flew out．So men always have hope within their hearts．
3 Apollo

Among the crowd of Olympian gods the one most widely admired was Apollo．He was the son of Zeus and Let to．According to Greek mythology,Leto was driven by Hera from land to land at last Poseidon took Pity on her and brought the island of Delos out of water for her to live on．There she gave birth to the twins ,Apollo and Artemis．
Apollo was me sun-god．He wore a purple robe．He usually sat in his bright eastern palace early in the morning and madeready to start his daily journey across the sky．During the day hed rove his carriage of gold and ivory , and brought light, life and love to the great world below． Iate in the afternoon he came to the end of his journey in the far western sea and got on his golden boat to return to his eastern home．
Apollo was the god of music and poetry．He could stir up all feelings．These feelings are expressed in lofty songs．With his lyre of gold and the sweet accents of his godlike voice heled the choir of the Muses at Olympus．The pleasant music from his lyre was so exciting that stones marched into their places in rhythmic time and of their own will when he helped Poseidonbuild up the walls of Troy．On one occasion,invited to a contest by the human musician Marsyas,he won and then flayed him to death for his pride．On another occasion,he lost out toPan at a musical contest and turned the ears of the judge,King Midas,into those of an ass．
His son,Orpheus,took over such skill from the father that his lyre moved man and animals alike．
Apollo stood for youthful and manly beauty．His goldenhair,stately manner and air all combined to make him the admiration of the world．A beautiful girl,by the name of Clytle,was so fond of his beauty and glory that from dawn to dusk she knelt on the ground,her hands outstretched towards the sungod,and her eyes looked at his golden wheeled carriage racing across the blue sky．Though her love was not returned,she had never changed her mind about Apollo．The gods were moved at the sad sight,and changed her into a sunflower．
4 Prometheus

Prometheus was a Titan ．In the war between Zeus the giants he had stood on the side of the new Olympiangods．Out of the clay he made the first man,to whom Athena gave soul and holy breath．Prometheus spent a lot of time and energy in creating the gift of fire．And fire raised man above all animals ．Later,there held a joint meeting of gods and men．The meeting was to decide what part of burnt animals should begiven to gods and what to men．Prometheus cut up an ox and divided it into two parts：under the skin he placed the fresh,and under the fat he put the bones,for he knew the selfish Zeus loved fat． Zeus saw through the trick and felt displeased at the Prometheus' favor towards men．So in a masterful way he took away the gift of fire from mankind．However,Prometheus managed to steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down tomen．Flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion,Zeus let the other gods chain Prometheus to a rock on Mountain Caucasus,where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again．His period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years．Prometheus faced his bitter fate firmly and never lost courage before Zeus．At last Heracles made Prometheus and Zeus restore to friend ship,when Heracles came over in search of the golden apple and killed the eagle and set the friend of mankind free．
5 Nereus and Proteus

Of all the small sea divinities Nereus and Proteus stood out as Peculiar sea-gods．Nereus,known as“the Old Man of the sea”,represented the pleasant aspect of ocean waters．He lived beneath the sea with his fifty lovely daughters,of whom the most famous were Amphritrite,Thetis,Galate a and Panope．It was Nereus who advised Heracles to seek Prometheus in the hero's search of the golden apples．
Proteus was Poseidon's herdsman. He was well known for two qualities：the gift of prophecy and the power to take various forms．At one time he was a lion with a curly wavy hairs；at another he appeared in the shape of a wild boar；and still another he stood a stately tree covered with rich leaves．When,after all these and many other changes,he failed to get rid of his questioner, the god offered detailed answers．
6 Eros（Cupid）

Eros was the god of love,better known by hislatin name Cupid．Son of Aphrodite by Ares ,he took his place among the small gods of Olympus．He was represented asa little naked boy,with sparkling wings,and he carried his bowand arrows wherever he wandered．Shooting his thrilling arrows in evils,he inspired the passion of love and provided all nature with life and power of reproduction．The lovely,naughty god had two kinds of arrows：the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones to palsy it． Besides,he had a torch to light hearts with．
Though sometimes he was blindfolded ,no man nor god,Zeus himself included,was safe from his evils．At one time the little naughty god was wounded by his own arrows and suchburning love was awakened in him for the human maiden Psyche that he disregarded the constant interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to beg Zeus for justice．Another famousstory where Eros played an important part was the Argonautic expedition．Medea,daughter of king Aeetes,was wounded by Eros' arrows,took Jason's part in recovering the golden fleece and eventually became the hero's wife．

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