什么叫同位语?直接宾语和间接宾语的区别?复合句?

同位语从句是指在复合句中跟在名词后面,充当名词的同位语的从句,它是对前面的名词起到解释和说明的作用.同位语从句常位于news,idea,fact,thought,problem,answer,belief,possibility,plan,suggestion,promise,teport,question,truth,proof,order,hope,information...等的名词后面.
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.（that在从句中不充当任何成份.）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
（that在从句中作gave的宾语.）
一．用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句.例如：
1. He decided that he would buy a digital camera online.
→He decided to buy a digital camera online.
2. We hoped that we would come back soon.
→We hoped to come back soon.
3. I expect that I shall finish my work by this Sunday.
→I expect to finish my work by this Sunday.
二．用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句.例如：
1. I don’t know which one I can buy .
→I don’t know which one to buy.
2. We wonder where we’ll go this Sunday.
→We wonder where to go this Sunday.
3. Could you please teach me how I can search the Internet?
→Could you please teach me how to search the Internet?
三．用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句.如：
1. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.
→The boy is too young to look after himself.
2. The question is so difficult that I can’t answer it .
→The question is too difficult for me to answer.
四．用“…enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so …that …引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句.例如：
1. The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree.
→The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.
2. This hall is so large that it can hold 2000 people.
→This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people.
3. The table was so light that the little boy can carry it.
→The table was light enough for the little boy to carry.
五．用“happen + 不定式”或“seem +不定式”结构可以分别将“It happens that…”和“It seems that… ”等含有主语从句的复合句转换为简单句.例如：
1. It happened that the teacher saw him playing in class.
→The teacher happened to see him playing in class.
2. It seemed that sharks have been on the earth for thousands of years .
→Sharks seemed to have been on the earth for thousands of years.
3. It seemed that this camera offered the most at the best price.
→This camera seemed to offer the most at the best price.
六．用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句.如：
1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon.
→She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon.
→She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon.
2. I went over my composition again and again so that I couldn’t make any mistakes.
→I went over my composition again and again in order not to make any mistakes.
→I went over my composition again and again so as not to make any mistakes.
3. Miyoko bought a camera so that she could take pictures in Beijing.
→Miyoko bought a camera in order to take pictures in Beijing.
→Miyoko bought a camera so as to take pictures in Beijing.
七．在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句.例如：
1. I was glad when I heard the good news .
→I was glad to hear the good news.
2. Tom’s parents were very surprised as they knew all about it.
→Tom’s parents were very surprised to know all about it.
这是在这http://www.***.cn/RESOU/2006/2/22/ART27585.htm找到的.
还有一些在这http://edu.sina.com.cn/en/2004-10-21/26793.html
多了点,不放便贴出来,你可以自己去看看,里面资料还是挺全滴～!
上面的是简单句改复合句,下面这个是复合句改简单句～!
http://edu.sina.com.cn/en/2004-10-21/26793.html
不过最重要的还是要多练,多写几道题你就熟悉了!
希望能帮到你吧!*^-^*
接下来你自己分析一下句子吧,巩固一下

同位语就是与所修饰词意思相近，一般放在所修饰词后，如：宾语同位语，主语同位语。
We two will go to the theathe.
Two就是We的同位语。
直接宾语一般是物，而间接宾语一般是人。
My mother bought me a new bike yesterday.
这就是双宾语句，me是间宾，a bike是主宾。...