初中英语人物情感形容词单词表

eva_cd 1年前 已收到1个回答 举报

xngjh 幼苗

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知识点相关讲解这其实是现在分词和过去分词的区别:
表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry等,其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词),用作表、定、状或补语.在这种情况下,分词主要体现了语态的不同.现在分词有主动意味,含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思;而过去分词有被动意味,含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思.例如:
In Aswan, there are plenty of interesting places to visit. 阿斯旺有许多值得一去的地方.
Some people whose lives are full are always interesting to talk to. 有些人的生活经历丰富,与他们交谈总是令人感兴趣的.
If I can find you any support, would you be interested? 假如我能为你找到资助,你对此有兴趣吗?
但是,由不及物动词转化而成的分词作形容词时,则体现了时态的不同.现在分词表示该动作正在进行,而过去分词表示该动作已经完成.例如:
The woodcutter was standing next to a fallen tree. 那个樵夫站在一棵伐倒的树旁.
fallen leaves落(在地上的)叶(比较:a falling leaf一片飘落的树叶)
boiled water(煮)开(过的)水(比较:boiling water沸腾着的水)
the risen sun升得老高的日头(比较:the rising sun初升的太阳)过去分词和现在分词作定语
一、过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
二、现代分词作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系,这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 .
e.g. a running boy    
   the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
e.g. a boy who is running
   a girl who is standing there
注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语
注意2:在message/letter/sign/news/notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词,这是考试的易错点.
注意3:某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性 eg.an interesting story/an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句,但是可以有三级变化(原级/比较级/最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰. 一:
英语中有一些动词能带-ing而不能带不定式,这类常见的有:admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can't help,can't resist,can't stand,consider,defer,delay,deny,detest,deslike,don't mind,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,enjoy,put off,resent,risk,stop等
eg. I cant't resist bargaining.
2.动词+宾语+介词+ -ing
一般常见的介词是into
eg. I shamed him into returning the stolen money.
这类结构的动词有blackmail,deceive,fool等,
还有介词是from的
eg. What kept you from joining me?
这类的基本含义是“使...不”,有时候,from也可以省略
eg. Imust stop you (from) destroying yourself.
但是要注意如果是被动语态的时候,不能省略
二:
既能接-ing 又能接不定式的动词
attempt,begin,continue,like,need,love, omit,preger,start等,这类此无论接纳个,基本意义没什么太大区别.
还有一种就是接的不同意义不同
forget,remember,go on, mean, stop等 动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: ○1. 动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语.The boy named Peter is my friend. 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友.
此处是后置定语,划线部分起修饰作用,下同.
He’s eating fried chicken. “他在吃炸鸡.”做chicken的前置定语.
There is no time left. “没时间剩余了.”做time的后置定语.
I have read a novel written by Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说.做后置定语.下同.
He lives in a house built twenty years ago. 他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里.
一般来说,定语部分不只一个词时, 常放在名词的后面.
动词ing作形容词:表示正在进行或表示功能,常作定语.
the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,
the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在进行)
a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)
由一些及物动词派生而来,和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物. 以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词,其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”,其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”.以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”.
及物动词, 后接人 ed形式及常见短语
excite(使兴奋,使激动) excited (be ~d about)
surprise(使惊讶,使吃惊) surprised (be ~d at)
amaze(使吃惊) amazed (be ~d at)
embarrass(使尴尬) embarrassed(be ~ed in)
encourage(使受鼓舞, 鼓励) encouraged(be ~ed at / by)
frustrate(使失望,使沮丧) frustrated (be ~d of)
interest(使感兴趣) interested (be ~ed in)
thrill(使激动/ 紧张) thrilled (be ~ed at)
terrify(使恐怖,使害怕) terrified (be terrified at/ of / with)
please (使高兴,使满意) pleased (be ~d with)
satisfy (使满意) satisfied(be satisfied with)
frighten (使害怕,使惊惧) frightened (be ~ed at / of )
tire(使厌烦) tired (be ~d of)
bore(使厌烦) bored (be ~d with)
relax(使放松) relaxed (无固定搭配)
fascinate(使着迷) fascinated (be ~d by)
ing形式
exciting
surprising
amazing
embarrassing
encouraging
frustrating
interesting
thrilling
terrifying
pleasing, = pleasant
satisfying
frightening
tiring
boring
relaxing
fascinating
annoying
moving
worrying
confusing
move(使感动)
worry(使担忧)
confuse(使困惑)
His words amazed me. The news frustrated us very much. (都是及物动词,后接人)
His words were amazing. (修饰物) I was amazed at his words. (修饰人)
How exciting the film is! (修饰物) He was moved by the movie. (修饰人)

1年前

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