Why not引导的直接引语如何变,时态如何变?

由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）,主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell,repeat,explain,think等.
He said ,"You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder,do not know,want to know,be not sure,be puzzled等.
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句.
She said,"Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me ,"You have seen the film,haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句.
I asked him,"Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.
He asked ,"Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask ,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy,"Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him ,"Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述.例如：
He said,"Let’s go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导.
She said,"What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如：
He said to me,"I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：
He said,"I’m a boy,not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：
The girl said,"I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变.如：
He said to me,"I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must,need,had better以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变.例如：
The teacher said to me ."You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said ,"I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化.
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come --go