英语翻译conclusions Our review suggests that the four processes(

英语翻译
conclusions
Our review suggests that the four processes(i.e.sensory hedonism,motivation,memory,and communication)proposed by the functionalist perspective for inducing emotional responses operate from birth onwards.Each process is part of critical transactions with the environment in organizing action,and allowing events to acquire meaning and saliency for newborns.Central to this approach is the view that these processes emerge in response to adaptive needs/functional goals specified within the evolved niche of the newborn.Guided by this perspective,we also provided evidence from our own research,which revealed that neonatal olfaction can be used as a model system to explore hedonic,motivational,and memory-based processes involved in the onset of emotional responses.For instance,the fact that the familiar milk odour can elicit disgust-like responses when internal organic variables shift or that a prenatally-experienced odorant can induce postnatal preferences,are clearly compatible with the view that,right at birth,affective responses are embedded within motivational (prandial state) and memory processes(prenatal and postnatal learning).The view that emotional system are flexible,rather than hard-wired at birth raises interesting issues for future research.For example,the demonstration of a prenatal mother-to-infant transmission of chemosensory information pertaining to food or self raises the possibility that an infant’s affective reactions and preferences are primed in part before birth.