英语翻译The value chain framework highlights how a firm's produc

英语翻译
The value chain framework highlights how a firm's products fit into the buyer's value chain.For instance,under the value chain framework,it is readily apparent what percentage the firm's product costs are in the buyer's total costs.The fact that paper constitutes over 40 percent of the total costs of a magazine is significant in encouraging the paper mill and the publisher to work together in cost reduction activities.The San Francisco Chronicle recently adopted JIT for paper delivery to its printing plant,a program only possible with close supplier cooperation.Since the value-added concept ignores activities after the product leaves the firm,it often does not highlight the degree of buyer power.
Emphasizing the Interdependence of Linked Activities Along a Value Chain
Value chain analysis explicitly recognizes the fact that the individual value activities within a firm are not independent,but rather are interdependent.For instance,at McDonalds,the timing of promotional campaigns (one value activity) significantly influences capacity utilization in "production" (another value activity).These linked activities must be coordinated if the full effect of the promotion is to be realized.As another example,Japanese VCR producers were able to reduce retail prices from $1,300 in 1977 to $298 by 1984 by emphasizing the impact of an early step in the chain (product design) on a later step (production) by drastically reducing the number of parts in VCRs [Hergert and Morris,1989].It is common to hear of conventional approaches to cost reduction which emphasize "across-the-board" cuts.However,by recognizing interlinkages,the value chain analysis highlights the possibility that deliberately increasing costs in one value activity can bring about a reduction in total costs.The expense incurred by P & G to place its order entry computers directly in Walmart stores significantly reduces overall order entry and processing costs for both firms.