英语翻译Development of machines for the production of goods the

英语翻译
Development of machines for the production of goods the high material standard of living in the developed countries owes much to the machinery made possible by mechanical engineering.The mechanical engineer continually invents machines to produce goods and develops machine tools of increasing accuracy and complexity to build the machines.The principal lines of development of machinery have been an increase in the speed of operation to obtain high rates of production,improvement in accuracy to obtain quality and economy in the product,and minimization of operating costs.These three requirements have led to the evolution of complex control systems.The most successful production machinery is that in which the mechanical design of the machine is closely integrated with the control system,whether the latter is mechanical or electrical in nature.A modern transfer line (conveyor) for the manufacture of automobile engines is a good example of the mechanization of a complex series of manufacturing processes.Developments are in hand to automate production machinery further,using computers to store and process the vast amount of data required for manufacturing a variety of components with a small number of versatile machine tools.One aim is a completely automated machine shop for batch production,operating on a three shift basis but attended by a staff for only one shift per day.Development of machines for the production of power Production machinery presuppose an ample supply of power.The steam engine provided the first practical means of generating power from heat to augment the old sources of power from muscle,wind,and water One of the first challenges to the new profession of mechanical engineering was to increase thermal efficiencies and power; this was done principally by the development of the steam turbine and associated large steam boilers.The 20th century has witnessed a continued rapid growth in the power output of turbines for driving electric generators,together with a steady increase in thermal efficiency and reduction in capital cost per kilowatt of large power stations.Finally,mechanical engineers acquired the resource of nuclear energy,whose application has demanded an exceptional standard of reliability and safety involving the solution of entirely new problems-The control systems of large power plank and complete nuclear power stations have become highly sophisticated networks of electronic,fluidic.Electric,hydraulic,and mechanical components,ail of these involving me province of the mechanical engineer.