英语翻译Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and P

英语翻译
Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net positive effects.We qualified the relationship between knowledge externalities and agglomeration as a quadratic function.Agglomeration yields positive net knowledge externalities only until a given threshold.Too much agglomeration and too dense knowledge transactions progressively dissipate the advantages in terms of knowledge externalities because of the emerging losses engendered by reduced appropriability.
This article has provided a strong test for the hypotheses that a quadratic relationship existed between technological concentration and total factor productivity growth for a large sample of European regions from 1995 to 2003.The quadratic specification is a powerful result because it enables one to identify the shifting relative advantage of regions in the location of knowledge-intensive activities.The identification of the notion of relative advantage in the location of knowledge-intensive activities enabled us to identify the regions in which it is not appropriate to invest in knowledge generating activities,the regions in which it is “more” convenient to invest in activities,and the regions in which it would be better to reduce the levels of these activities.
The strong econometric results enable one to appreciate the implications of the quadratic specification in terms of output elasticity to additional knowledge-intensive activities.It is clear that,by definition,when the first derivative in a quadratic function is stronger,the smaller the level of concentration.Hence,our findings confirm the hypothesis that the output elasticity of additional knowledge-intensive activities is higher in peripheral than in core regions.