英语翻译In recent decades,there has been a growing concern among

英语翻译
In recent decades,there has been a growing concern among many prominent engineers that not only is the term“factor of safety”improper and unrealistic,but worse still a structural design philosophy based on this concept leads in most cases to an unduly conservative and therefore uneconomical design,and in some eases to an unconservative design with too high a probability of failure．They argue that there is no such thing as certainty,either of failure or of safety of a structure but only a probability of failure or a probability of safety．They feel,therefore,that the variations of the load effects and the variations of the structural resistance should be studied in a statistical manner and the probability of survival or the probability of serviceability of a structure estimated．It may not yet be practical to apply this approach to the design of each individual structure．However,it is believed to be practical to do so in framing design rules and regulations．It is highly desirable that building codes and specifications plainly state the factors and corresponding probabilities that they imply.