急求关于国外的a ceremony 介绍文章!最好是英文的谢谢了

美国大学毕业典礼
In the United States,besides "commencement," the term "graduation" is also used in schools below university level such as the high school,middle school and even kindergarten and preschool ceremonies.
The American Council on Education (ACE) is the authority on academic regalia in the US,and has developed an Academic Ceremony Guide[3] that is generally followed by most institutions of higher learning.The ceremony guide and the related Academic Costume Code provide the core of academic ceremony traditions in the US.The ACE code addresses college and university dress:high school and other lower school gown colors vary from institution to institution.[4]
Graduating seniors at Brown University.At many large US institutions,where many hundreds of degrees are being granted at once,the main ceremony (commencement) involving all graduates in a sports stadium,amphitheater,parade ground or lawn,or other large – often outdoor – venue is usually followed,but sometimes preceded,by smaller ceremonies (diploma ceremony) at sites on or around campus where deans and faculty of each academic organization (college,academic department,program,etc.) distribute diplomas to their graduates.Another means of handling very large numbers of graduates is to have several ceremonies,divided by field of study,at a central site over the course of a weekend instead of one single ceremony.At large institutions the great number of family members and guests that each graduating student wishes to attend may exceed the capacity of organizers to accommodate.Universities try to manage this by allocating a specified number of graduation tickets to each student that will be graduating.
It is also common for graduates not to receive their actual diploma at the ceremony but instead a certificate indicating that they participated in the ceremony or a portfolio to hold the diploma in.At the high school level,this allows academic administrators to withhold diplomas from students who are unruly during the ceremony; at the college level,this allows students who need an additional quarter or semester to satisfy their academic requirements to nevertheless participate in the official ceremony with their cohort before receiving their degree.In addition,with large numbers of students receiving diplomas and often no specific order they walk in,it is impossible for their actual diplomas to be given to them at the ceremony,thus them receiving simply a blank diploma to be filled later.
Traditional hat toss celebration at a graduation ceremony at the United States Air Force AcademyAt most colleges and universities in the US,a faculty member or dean will ceremoniously recommend that each class of candidates (often by college but sometimes by program/major) be awarded the proper degree,which is then formally and officially conferred by the president or other institutional official.Typically,this is accomplished by a pair of short set speeches by a senior academic official and a senior institutional official:
"Mr.President,on behalf of the faculty of Letters and Science,I hereby declare that these candidates have met all the requirements for the degree of ...and request that such degree be conferred upon them." "Under the authority vested in me by the State of ) and the Trustees of College,I hereby confer upon these candidates the degree of ..."
For students receiving an advanced degree,many colleges include a Hooding Ceremony in their commencement program,in which the students wear a hood.Candidates traditionally have the hood placed upon them at the podium,though this has become less practical at large commencement ceremonies.At Fordham University,graduates of a college put on the hood by themselves en masse after the university president confers the degree upon them from the podium.This is called 'to self-hood'.Doctorates are nearly universally hooded upon the stage.
The hood is a part of traditional academic dress whose origins date back many centuries.Today,the hood is considered by some to be the most expressive component of the academic costume.Today’s hoods have evolved from a practical garment to a symbolic one.An academic hood is a symbolic garment,which is worn draped around the neck and over the shoulders,displayed down the back with the lining exposed.The hood’s length signifies the degree level; with the institution's colors in the lining and a velvet trim in a standardized color that signifies the scholar’s field.

随便什么ceremony都ok吗