常见的同义词,和句型转换

（1）将肯定句改为否定句时,除要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外,还要将句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等.例如：
（例1.）There is some rice in the bowl.→
There isn’t any rice in the bowl.
（例2.）They bought something in the supermarket.→
They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket.
（2）将陈述句改为一般疑问句时,要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式,同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等.
例如：
（例1.）I’ve got some money with me.→
Have you got any money with you?
（例2.）Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→
Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting?
（3）将陈述句改为反意疑问句时,除了遵循陈述部分若为肯定式,疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式,疑问部分则用肯定式的原则外,还要注意：当陈述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式.另外,还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况,如当陈述部分为must be,表示对现在情况的推测,作“一定”或“肯定”
讲时,疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式,而不用mustn’t.例如：
（例1.）Tom likes reading,doesn’t he?
There weren’t any mice in the room,were there?
（例2.）There is little water in the cup,is there?
They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they?
（4）对划线部分提问时,可按一定、二移（或加）、三变化、四删除的步骤进行.第一步“定”,就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词.如问时间用when或what time,问地点用where,问价钱用howmuch,问年龄用how old,问原因用why,问“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等.第二步“移（或加）”,就是将句子结构改为一般疑问句的形式,如果谓语部分含有系动词be,助动词be,will,have或情态动词时,则将这类动词移到句首.如果谓语动词是行为动词,则需在主语前加助动词do,does或did.但是,如果划线部分是原句的主语或主语部分的定语,则不需要这一步.第三步“变化”,即对句子中某些词作相应的变化,除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外,还要注意将原句中句首单词（专有名词除外）的首字母改为小写,将句中的some变为any,将句号变为问号等.第四步“删除”,就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词.例如：
（例1.）My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→
How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong?
（例2.）It took the artist half an hour to draw thebeautifulhorse.→
How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse?
（例3.）Her mother is a nurse.→
What is her mother?
（例4.）The children are playing football on the playground.→
Where are the boys playing football?
（例5.）He read some newspapers in the reading room.→
What did he do in the reading-room?
（5）将陈述句变为感叹句时,首先要确定是用what还是用how开头.如果强调部分的中心词是名词,就用what；若是形容词或副词,则用how.然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后,要注意去掉修饰这一形容词或副词的副词.例如：
（例1.）He is a very good teacher.→
What a good teacher he is!
（例2.）They danced quite well.→
How well they danced!
（6）将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句时,既要注意句子的结构变化,又要注意不能改变句子的意思.要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法.
例如：
（例1.）We think it true.→
We think that it is true.
（例2.）If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→
Use you head,then you’ll find a way.
（例3.）He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→
He was too angry to say a word.
（7）将主动语态变为被动语态时,谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式,这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外,还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致.
例如：
（例1.）They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→
A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.
（8）将直接引语改为间接引语时,除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外,有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式.例如：
（例1.）The teacher said,“Will you come here next Sunday?”→
The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday.
（例2.）The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→
The woman ordered the boy to go away.
（9）在作同义词语的转换时,首先要理解原句的意思,然后根据原句的意思和要补全句子的结构填入所缺少的词,使两句意思相同或相近.
例如：
（例1.）My father drives to work every day.→
My father goes to work by car every day.
（例2.）May I borrow your bike,please?→
Can you lend me your bike,please?