赞 sjchen 幼苗
共回答了21个问题采纳率：81% 举报
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
2、关系词在句中是否做成分 . 3、从句是否有疑问的意义.如：
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.
3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.主要由形容词担任.此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语.
as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem）,主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略.行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略）,不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词.如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略.
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语.如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语.
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词.这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整.as不能作定语.如：
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(b) 介词后不能用.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
(b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that.
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有： when, where, why等.
表语从句
一 定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语.
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）.
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉.
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词.
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句.状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起.从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.
编辑本段状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为：
1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)
9.结果状语从句.(adverbial clause of result)
编辑本段状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话.（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家.（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当.例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中.enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置.
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式.从句中的主语和be动词常可省略.例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略.例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化".状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高.因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解.
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句.下面针对这五种情形作一归纳.
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉.例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境.
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议.
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉.常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车.
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲.
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人.
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了.
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲.
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩.
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里.
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功.
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么.He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题.
f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦.
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了.
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达.例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室.(=The meeting over,
快超10000字了,很抱歉没法把整本语法书贴上去!
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
2、关系词在句中是否做成分 . 3、从句是否有疑问的意义.如：
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.
3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.主要由形容词担任.此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语.
as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem）,主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略.行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略）,不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词.如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略.
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语.如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语.
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词.这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整.as不能作定语.如：
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(b) 介词后不能用.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
(b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that.
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有： when, where, why等.
表语从句
一 定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语.
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）.
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉.
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词.
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句.状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起.从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.
编辑本段状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为：
1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)
9.结果状语从句.(adverbial clause of result)
编辑本段状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话.（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家.（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当.例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中.enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置.
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式.从句中的主语和be动词常可省略.例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略.例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化".状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高.因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解.
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句.下面针对这五种情形作一归纳.
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉.例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境.
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议.
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉.常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车.
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲.
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人.
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了.
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲.
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩.
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里.
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功.
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么.He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题.
f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦.
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了.
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达.例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室.(=The meeting over,
快超10000字了,很抱歉没法把整本语法书贴上去!
1年前
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