cell specification什么意思（生物学）,

Specification在发育学中的定义：
process of commitment can be divided into two stages (Harrison 1933; Slack 1991).The first stage is a labile phase called specification.The fate of a cell or a tissue is said to be specified when it is capable of differentiating autonomously when placed in a neutral environment,such as a petri dish or test tube.(The environment is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.) At this stage,the commitment is still capable of being reversed.The second stage of commitment is determination.A cell or tissue is said to be determined when it is capable of differentiating autonomously even when placed into another region of the embryo.If it is able to differentiate according to its original fate even under these circumstances,it is assumed that the commitment is irreversible.
中文翻译为“特化”.意思是在一个中性环境中,细胞或组织能够自动分化（向特定方向）的特性,这时细胞命运仍是可逆的.而如果放在非中性（不同于发育过程的）环境中,细胞或组织仍能自动分化为特定lineage,那就是“决定”了.
发育过程不同阶段,如胚胎、胚层、组织、细胞等,有不同的specification过程

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细胞的特异性分化