英语翻译Typology1) Buffer/safety stock2) Cycle stock (Used in ba

英语翻译
Typology
1) Buffer/safety stock
2) Cycle stock (Used in batch processes,it is the available inventory excluding buffer stock)
3) De-coupling (Buffer stock that is held by both the supplier and the user)
4) Anticipation stock
5) Pipeline stock (goods still in transit or in the process of distribution - have left the factory but not arrived at the customer yet)
Inventory examples
While accountants often discuss inventory in terms of goods for sale,organizations - manufacturers,service-providers and not-for-profits - also have inventories (fixtures,furniture,supplies,...) that they do not intend to sell.Manufacturers',distributors',and wholesalers' inventory tends to cluster in warehouses.Retailers' inventory may exist in a warehouse or in a shop or store accessible to customers.Inventories not intended for sale to customers or to clients may be held in any premises an organization uses.Stock ties up cash and if uncontrolled it will be impossible to know the actual level of stocks and therefore impossible to control them.
Whilst the reasons for holding stock are covered earlier,most manufacturing organizations usually divide their "goods for sale" inventory into:
Raw materials - materials and components scheduled for use in making a product.
Work in process,WIP - materials and components that have begun their transformation to finished goods.
Finished goods - goods ready for sale to customers.
Goods for resale - returned goods that are salable.
Spare parts
For example:
Manufacturing
A canned food manufacturer's materials inventory includes the ingredients to form the foods to be canned,empty cans and their lids (or coils of steel or aluminum for constructing those components),labels,and anything else (solder,glue,...) that will form part of a finished can.The firm's work in process includes those materials from the time of release to the work floor until they become complete and ready for sale to wholesale or retail customers.This may be vats of prepared food,filled cans not yet labelled or sub-assemblies of food components.It may also include finished cans that are not yet packaged into cartons or pallets.It's finished good inventory consists of all the filled and labelled cans of food in its warehouse that it has manufactured and wishes to sell to food distributors (wholesalers),to grocery stores (retailers),and even perhaps to consumers through arrangements like factory stores and outlet centers.