英语翻译Ideally,the ore bed should be constructed of an ore dist

英语翻译
Ideally,the ore bed should be constructed of an ore distribution ,as illustrated in figure 1B.This figure is shown in two dimensions,however in an actual three dimensional situation,the ore particles would be resting on other particles in the third dimension .Entrapping the fine particles onto the coarser particles will create a more permeable ore bed,allowing solution and air to flow freely and evenly through the heap .In the optimum leach heap,there would be limited free fine particles which would clog the spaces between particles,and result in permeability problems.
There was one copper heap leaching facility in the United States which currently uses agglomeration; however ,they agglomerate with only raffinate,the leach solution.This facility is observing copper outputs below the desired recovery rate,due to the rapid breakdown of the agglomerates in the heap.Preventing agglomerate breakdown and limiting the migration of fines by the utilisation of cost-effective binders in the agglomeration step would enhance the overall recovery of the heap.The use of a binder would help the problem causing fine material to adhere to the coarser material.The result would be an increase in the permeability of the heap .However,copper leaching reguires a high use of acid solutions which decrease the PH.These cement-type binders dissolve readily in acid,and are ineffective in an acidic leaching environment,Acid resistant binders are needed for these copper heap leaching operations which will not breakdown in the acidic conditions,allowing access of air and leach solution to reach the ore particles.
Past research in copper ore agglomeration has been hampered by the lack of a quantitative measurement of agglomerate quality.Measurement attempts have included visually observing agglomerate breakdown in a beaker,or screening the agglomerates in water.One of the first concerns has therefore been the determination of a satisfactory set of tests that can be used to evaluate binders.After a thorough review of the literature and extensive discussions with the industrial partners various testing protocol have been devised .The objective of this project has been to develop and implement binders and agglomeration procedures that will increase the efficiency of copper heap leaching processes.