rating shopping是什么意思?

rating shopping是什么意思?
Rating shopping occurs when an issuer chooses the rating agency that will assign the
highest rating or that has the most lax criteria for achieving a desired rating.Rat-
ing shopping rarely involves corporate,sovereign,and municipal bonds.However,it is
common for securitization issues.Rating shopping has a strong effect when one rating
agency’s criteria is much more lax than its competitors’ criteria.Unless investors de-
mand multiple ratings on deals,issuers will tend to use only rating from the agency with
the most lenient standards.(Rating Shopping - Now the Consequences,Nomura Fixed
Income Research Report,February,16,2006.p.1.)