哪位英语专业或者懂得能来帮我翻译一下下面这段文章,道路桥梁专业的专业英语翻译成中文,还会加分的!
哪位英语专业或者懂得能来帮我翻译一下下面这段文章,道路桥梁专业的专业英语翻译成中文,还会加分的!
4 Shields can be steered by varying the thrust of the jacks from left side to right side or from top to bottom, thus varying the tunnel direction left or right or up or down. The jacks shove against the tunnel lining for each forward shove. The cycle of operation is forward shove ,line, muck, and then another forward shove. The shield used about 1955 on the third tube of the Lincoln Tunnel in New York City was 18 feet (5.5meters) long and 31.5 feet (9.6meters) in diameter. It was moved ahead 32 inches (81.2cm) per shove, permitting the fabrication of a 32-inch support ring behind it.
5 Sunken-tube tunnels. Where the riverbed subsoil is firm and the river current is not excessive,shore-fabricated tunnel sections can be towed over a prepared trench in the river bottom and suck into place to form a underwater tunnel. The first major prefabricated,floated,and sunken tunnel was the Detroit River Tunnel between Detroit and Windsor,Ontario.This vehicular tunnel was built in 1906-1910. The next important vehicular tunnel built by this method was the Posey Tube ,which was completed in 1928.It runs under a saltwater arm between Oakland and Alameda,Calif.Since then many other sunken-tube tunnels have been built under rivers and saltwater bodies,notbly the Transbay Tunnel between Oakland and San Francisco.
6 The cylindrical tunnel sections usually are made of steel in an onshore yard,Each section is about 300 feet (90 meters) long and 28 to 48 feet (8,5-14.6 meters) in diameter. After the openings at each end of a sevtion are closed with steel bulkheads, the tube is ready for launching in the manner of a ship . Once in the water, a section is ballasted with concrete until a minimum buoyancy is attained. Then the section is to the tunnel site. Before the arrival of the section,dredges and underwater excavators dig a trench to the proper depth of the tunnel.When the tube section is positioned precisely over its final location,additional concrete is added until the section sinks into prepared trench.All sections of the tunnel are transported and sunk in place in the same way.