指示代词“this,these,that,those”的用法与区别

this 这,这个,后跟单数名词,比如这本书,this book.
these 这,这些,后跟复数名词,比如这些书,these books.
those 那,那些,后跟复数名次,比如那些书,those books.
而且,these一般指较近的一些人或事物,而those指较远的一些人或事物
1.作主语、宾语、表语或定语.
　　This is my book. 这是我的书.
　　Do you like this? 你喜欢这个吗?
　　That book is mine. 那本书是我的.
　　What I want is this? 我要的就是这个.
　　2. this / these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物；而that / those常指时间或空间上较远的人或物.
　　This is a pen and that is a pencil.
　　We are very busy these days.
　　3. this / these可指后面要讲到的事情,而that / those常指前面提到过的事物.
　　John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. I’m afraid I can’t do that.(that指上句提到的help him with his lessons)
　　4. that / those可用来指代前面提到的名词.
　　This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.
　　这本书不如我昨天看过的那本有趣.(that指代the book)
　　5. 在打电话时,常用that询问对方是“谁”,用this介绍自己是“谁”.
　　—Is that Mrs Black speaking ? 你是布莱克夫人吗?
　　—Yes, Who’s that ? 是的,你是哪一位?
　　—This is Mary, Mrs Black.我是玛丽,夫人.