如何理解英语的直接表达和间接表达

直接引语转换成间接引语
时态的变化
 例句

直接引语
间接引语
主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,从句谓语动词不变.Williams says,“Lily is my friend.”Williams says Lily is his friend.
Jacelin will say,“The boy was lazy.”Jacelin will tell you that the boy was lazy.
主句谓语动词为一般过去时时,从句谓语动词要作如下变化：
一般现在时
→一般过去时She said,“I like Chinese very much.”She said that she liked Chinese very much.
一般过去时
→(多变为)过去完成时He said,“I bought a new watch.”He said he had bought a new watch.
一般将来时
→过去将来时Jane said,“Our train will arrive in five minutes.”Jane said that the train would arrive in five minutes.
现在进行时
→过去进行时He said,“I'm watching TV.”He said that he was watching TV.
现在完成时
→过去完成时Joan said,“I have found the watch.”She said she had finished it before noon.
过去完成时
→过去完成时(不变)He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
现在完成进行时
→过去完成进行时He said,“I've been writing letters all the morning.”He said that he had been writing letters all the morning.
3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语转换成间接引语
指示代词等的变化
例句
直接引语间接引语
this→thatShe said,“Joe is coming this week.”She said that Joe was going that week.
these→thoseHe said,“These balls are mine.”He said those balls were his.
now→thenShe said, “It is nine o’clock now.”She said that it was nine o’clock then.
ago→before/ earlierBob said, “My sister was here three days ago.”Bob said that his sister had been there three days before/earlier.
today→that dayDavid said, “ I haven’t seen her today.”David said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
yesterday→the day beforeShe said, “I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow→the next day,the following day,the day afterShe said, “ I’ll go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next/following day.
come-go
here- there
the day before yesterday- two days before/earlierShe said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.”She said she had gone there to see the doctor two days before.