英语翻译3.《道德经》中思维主体性和客体性的区别 中西方思维方式的不同,也体现在对天人关系,或者说主客关系的认识上.中方

英语翻译
3.《道德经》中思维主体性和客体性的区别
中西方思维方式的不同,也体现在对天人关系,或者说主客关系的认识上.中方传统中占主导地位是“天人合一”,而西方则是“天人相分”.中国传统哲学思想以主体作为万物的中心,孟子云:“万物皆备于我”.认为只要认识了自我,就认识了自然和世界.中国文化本质上是一种人本文化,以主体的需要和实用出发,主张主体意向与认识合一,突出主体能动性.反映在语言形式上,汉语常用人称,即有生命的词做主语,注重人称的表达.
与东方不同,西方文化倾向于天人相分,主客相分.早在希腊时代,先哲们就将人与自然分割开来,区分自我意识与认识对象.反映在语言形式上,英语比较常用物称表达法,即不用人称来叙述,而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来.
例7:夫唯兵者,不祥之器,物或恶之,故有道者不处.(第三十一章)
译文:Fine weapons are none the less illomened things.People despise them,therefore,those in possession of the Tao do not depend on them.原文中的“物”,指的是人民.老子反对战争,因为战争使民生凋敝,民不聊生.整句话的意思是战争是不祥之事,人民都厌恶它,所以有道者是不会发动战争的.Waley的翻译是很准确的,根据中国人的思维习惯,当与自然和为一体时,即物我统一起来了.人始终是主体地位的.
中方的思维方式往往从自我出发来叙述客观事物,因而常用人称,或隐含人称,而译成英语时,英语这类非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”表示抽象概念、心理感受、事物名称,但谓词却常用“有灵动词”表示人的行为.正是由于英语重“物称”,汉语重“人称”而导致了英语被动语态的大量使用,可以说这也是思维主体性与客体性差异的结果.
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paris713 春芽

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"The moral" in the thinking and the main object of the distinction
In the West the different ways of thinking,but also in Heaven,or the understanding of relations between the subject and object.China dominated in the traditional "Harmony",and the West is "Man of the points." Traditional Chinese philosophical thinking as the main things to the centre of Mencius:"All Things are prepared to me." Think that as long as the self-awareness,and awareness of the natural world.Chinese culture is essentially a culture of the people,the main practical needs and proceed with the understanding that the main intention of unity,highlighting the main initiative.Reflected in the language form,commonly used Chinese person,that is,the word of life do the subject,called on the expression.
And Oriental different from the Western culture tend to Heaven of the points of the subject and object.Back in Greece era,the late philosopher who will be separated from the people and the natural world,the distinction between self-awareness and understanding of object.Reflected in the formal language,English said of the more common expression,that is not called to account,and let things take an objective tone emerged.
Cases 7:Cardiff only soldiers,ominous,or of evil,it is not the proper way to.(Chapter 31)
:Fine weapons are none the less illomened things.People despise them,and therefore,those in possession of the Tao do not depend on them.Text of the "objects" refers to the people.I oppose the war because the war enabled the people's livelihood slump,with the result.The meaning of the entire sentence is war is ominous things people dislike it,it is not the right way to wage war.Waley's translation is very accurate,according to the Chinese people thinking habits,and when integrated with nature,that is,I reunification of up.Who has always been the main status.
Chinese way of thinking often from the standpoint of self-described objective things,so common person,or implied called,and translated into English,such non-English called the statement a "non-Ling subject," said abstract concept,psychological feelings,things Name ,but is commonly used predicate "Hope verb" that people's behavior.Because English-"material",Chinese-"call" and the English lead to the large-scale use of the passive voice,and can say that this thinking is the main difference between object and the results.

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