定语从句有几点要注意英语初三上期

定语从句是中学英语的重点和难点,因此它自然就成了高考考查的重点内容.在学习定语从句时以下几点应予以特别注意.
　　一、as引导的定语从句
　　as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.在as引导的限制性定语从句中,as可以作主语、宾语或表语.such...as...和such...that...的区别应予以特别注意.例如：
　　1.（2007年上海卷）He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with ______.
　　A.as；him B.that；不填 C.as；不填 D.whom；him
　　2.（2007年上海卷）Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has ever influenced our language.
　　A.as B.that C.which D.where
　　分析 在such...as...和such...that...结构中,such...that...引导的是状语从句,that只是引导词在从句中不作句子成分；在such...as...结构中,as引导的是定语从句,as不仅是引导词,还在句中作句子成分.所以,综合可知,第1题应选C,第2题应选B.
　　二、先行词为time的定语从句
　　当定语从句的先行词为time时,若time表示一段时间,应用关系副词when或介词+which引导的定语从句；若time表示次数,则用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可以省略.例如：
　　1.（2004年湖北卷）There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
　　A.a；thatB.a；whenC.the；whenD.the；when
　　2.I could hardly remember how many times ______ I>ve been there.
　　A.whichB.when C.that D.at which
　　分析 根据句意可知第1题中time表示一段时间,所以正确答案为B；第2题中time表示次数,所以正确答案为C,此时引导词that也可以省略.
　　三、先行词为way的定语从句
　　当way为先行词时,其后的定语从句一般用that,in which或者什么引导词也不用来引导定语从句；若way在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which,不能用in which,其中way在从句中作宾语时,也可以不用引导词.例如：
　　（2004年湖北卷）What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
　　A.the wayB.in the way thatC.in the wayD.the way which
　　分析 易知way在定语从句中不作任何成分,此时引导定语从句的连词可以是that,in which或者什么也不用,所以本题选择A.
　　四、定语从句中谓语动词的数
　　当引导定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致.我们应特别注意下面两个结构：①one of+复数名词+关系代词+句子；②the （only/just/very） one of+复数名词+关系代词+句子.在第一个结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；在第二个结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数.例如：
　　1.（2002年上海卷）He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
　　A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
　　分析 正确答案为D.本题意为：他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生.
　　2.He is one of the students who are interested in drawing.
　　他是对绘画感兴趣的学生之一.
　　五、which和whose在定语从句中作定语的辨别
　　which和whose在定语从句中都可以作定语,一般说来,which作定语时相当于this/that；whose作定语时相当于one>s.例如：
　　1.（2005年重庆卷）Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,______ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students> union.
　　A.during which time B.for which time
　　C.during whose time D.by that time
　　2.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from ______ effects the people are still suffering.
　　A.that B.whose C.those D.what
　　分析 在以上两题中,which和whose均作定语,但是which在意义上相当于this或者that；而whose在意义上相当于one>s.故可知,第1题应选A,第2题应选B.
　　六、先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词不一定用关系副词
　　当定语从句的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时,我们可以首先想到用关系副词,但同时还要看定语从句中介词是否有宾语或动词是否有主语或宾语,如果介词缺宾语或动词少主语或宾语,则需要用关系代词.例如：
　　1.（2005年安徽卷）Great changes have taken place in that school.It>s no longer ______ it was 20 years ago,______ it was so poorly equipped.
　　A.what；when B.that；which C.what；which D.which；that
　　2.（2003年北京卷）New York,______ last year,is a nice old city.
　　A.that I visited B.which I visited
　　C.where I visitedD.in which I visited
　　3.（2002年上海卷）Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
　　A.he explained B.what he explained
　　C.how he explainedD.why he explained
　　分析 第1题正确答案为A,因为先行词在定语从句中作时间状语.第2题正确答案为B,先行词在定语从句中作宾语,属于which引导的非限制性定语从句.第3题正确答案为A,先行词reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语,关系代词that或which省略了.
　　七、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和相关名词性从句的辨析
　　1.（2005年全国卷）Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.
　　A.why B.what C.who D.that
　　2.（2004年上海卷）The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
　　A.as B.which C.what D.that
　　分析 仔细分析句子结构,易知两个句子均为名词性从句.第1题选择A,属于why引导的宾语从句,why在句中不作句子成分.第2题选择C,属于what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语,I thought为插入语.