英文中的“祈使句”?谁能为这一语法作详细的解释

tiantian410 1年前 已收到1个回答 举报

macca58 幼苗

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英语祈使句精讲及练习 一、祈使句(Imperative Sentence) 定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句.祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略.祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束.例:Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手.——命令) Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静.——请求) Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善.——劝告) Watch your steps.(走路小心.——警告) Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句) Keep off the grass.(勿践草坪.——禁止) No parking.(禁止停车.——禁止) 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:You go and tell him,Chris.(克立斯你去告诉他.) 二、相关口令 祈使句无主语,主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号.三、表现形式 ●肯定结构:1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分).如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略.如:This way,please.= Go this way,please.请这边走.2.Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分).如:Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!3.Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分).如:Let me help you.让我来帮你.●否定结构:1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成.如:Don't forget me!不要忘记我!Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到!2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”.如:Don't let him go./ Let him not go.别让他走.3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句.如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!练习:将下列汉语翻译成英语.1.请照看好您的包.___________________.2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!4.不要把书放这儿.___________________.5.不要让猫进来.___________________.Key:1.Please look after your bag 2.Let's go to school 3.Be glad,dear 4.Don't put the book here 5.Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in "let"带头的祈使句 由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:1.表示“建议”.这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如:(1) Let me try.(2) Let's do it.(3) Let me go and look for it.这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气.试比较(4)a和(4)b:(4) a.Don't disturb him.b.Let's not disturb him.(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳.2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”.这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.(6) Let her join our choir.3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等.这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主.除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:一、"let" 的否定句有二.如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let.not" (见例(10)):(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.(10) It's raining now.Let's not go out until after the rain.二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out,in,down,alone等:(13) Let the puppy out.(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.(15) The room is too sunny.Let the blinds down.(16) Let me alone,please.四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:(17) Let's try it,shall we?(18) Let us do it by ourselves,will you?从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有.

1年前

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