英语翻译Indoor air quality for poor famliles:new evidence from b
英语翻译
Indoor air quality for poor famliles:new evidence from banglandesh .
poor households in Banglandesh depend heavily on wood,dung and other biomass fuels for cooking.This paper provides a detailed analysis of the implications for indoor air pollution (TAP),drawing on new 24-h monitoring data for respirable airborne particulates (PM(10)).A stratified sample of 236 households was selected in Dhaka and Nnarayanganj,with a particular focus on fuel use,cooking locations,structural materials,ventilation practices,and other potential determinants of exposure to IAP.At each household,PM(10) concentrations in the kitchen and living room were monitored for a 24-h period during December,2003-february,2004.Concentrations of 300 mug/(3) or greater are common in our sample,implying widespread exposure to a serious health hazard.Aregression analysis for these 236 households was then conducted to explore the relationships between PM(10) concentrations,fuel choices and a large set of variables that describe household cooking and ventilation practices,structure characteristics and building materials.As expected,our econometric results indicate that fuel choice significantly affects indoor pollution levels:natral gas and kerosene are significantly cleaner than biomass fuels.However,household-specific factors apparently matter more than fuel choice in determining PM(10) concentrations.In some biomass-burning households,concentrations are scarcely higher than in households that use natural gas.Our results suggest that cross-household variation is strongly affected by structural arrangements:cooking locations,construction materials,and ventilation practices.A large variation in PM(10) was also found during the 24-h cycle within households.For exsmple,within the `dritiest` firewood-using household in our sample,readings over the 24-h cycle varyfrom 68 to 4864 mug/m(3).Such variation occurs because houses can recycle air very quickly in Bangladesh.