几个初中的英语的语法问题谁能准确告诉我take cost pay spend 的区别?谁能告诉我danate 和rais

spend,cost,take和pay的区别是历年中考试题的必考内容之一,虽然它们都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）.例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事.例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱.例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.(2) (doing) sth.costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间.例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间.例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…….例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租.(2)pay for sth.付……的钱.例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款.(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱.例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的.(4)pay sb.付钱给某人.例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.（5）pay money back 还钱.例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I'll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.（6）pay off one's money还清钱.
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型：
（sb）spend some money/some time on sth.
(sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如：
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work.我干这项工作用了3天.
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物.句式是：
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth＝Sth.takes sb.some time.例如：
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间.
The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间.
(3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb.pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：
I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine?他买药已付医生50英镑.
How much did you pay him?你付他多少钱?
(4) cost的主语必须是某物.spend … on sth．/in doing sth．的主语必须是人.pay … for 的主语也是人.It takes + sb．+ 时间（或钱）to do sth．的主语则必须是形式主语It.动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money.
如：The dictionary cost me £ 20.
can和may用法小结
到目前为止,我们已经学习了can和may作为情态动词的一些用法,现在就给大家简单归纳一下.
A． 定义：情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词.常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等.can和may是其中两个.
B． 情态动词的几个特征：
①情态动词不同于实义动词,不可单独作谓语,只有跟实义动词连用才有意义；
②情态动词没有人称和数的变化；
③情态动词后的动词必须用原形.
C． can的用法：
①表示有能力做某事,意为“能、会”.如：
The girl can sing in English.
②表示许可,意为“可以”,如：
You can drive my car to the post office.
③表示推测,意为“也许,可能”.如：
He can’t be your brother,you don’t look the same.
D.may的用法：
①表示请求,语气比can弱.如：
–May I use your eraser?
– Certainly.But you must give it back to me soon.
②表示推测,意为“也许,可能”.如：
She may be at home.Let’s go to see him.
E.情态动词的否定式和疑问式：
①否定式：一般在can,may后面加not.如：
You can’t use the bike.
He may not be right.
②疑问式：将can,may提前即可.如：
I’m very tired.May I have a rest?
Can you help me (to) study maths?